The Evolution and Impact of Calculators: From Abacus to AI Calculators are among the most transformative tools in human history, revolutionizing how we solve problems, perform complex computations, and approach mathematics. From ancient counting devices to modern digital marvels, calculators have evolved to meet the needs of students, professionals, and everyday users. Let’s explore their journey, types, and enduring significance. A Brief History of Calculators Ancient Tools (2000 BCE–1600 CE): The abacus, invented in Mesopotamia and later refined by the Chinese and Romans, was the first device to aid arithmetic. Its beads and rods allowed users to perform basic addition and subtraction. Napier’s Bones (1617), a manual multiplication tool using carved rods, simplified complex calculations for astronomers and merchants. Mechanical Calculators (17th–19th Century): Blaise Pascal’s Pascaline (1642) could add and subtract using gears. Gottfried Leibniz’s Stepped Reckoner (1694) ...